The Process of Conditioning Free Essays

Florida Sahay Professor Griffin Psychology 1101 Fall 2009 The Conditioning Process It was coming down when Sarah was driving home from work. Both she and the driver of the vehicle before her were speeding. The vehicle before her had promptly slowed down. We will compose a custom article test on The Process of Conditioning or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now There was insufficient separation between that vehicle and her own vehicle to securely ease back to a stop, so she had immediately changed paths to dodge a fender bender. Rather, the smooth asphalt made her vehicle turn wild. At the point when her vehicle at last slipped to a stop, it was inches from crashing into a tree.Two weeks after the fact, Sarah saw that she had become on edge each time she needed to drive in the downpour. In all honesty, Sarah’s nervousness is because of a cooperative learning process called molding. As per Weiten (2008), molding includes learning relationship between occasions that happen in an organism’s situation (p. 169). In spite of the fact that brain science has a grip on how we learn through old style and operant molding, it is hindered by natural constraints.Classical molding, additionally alluded to as Pavlovian molding (Weiten, 2008), was found by a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov. This type of learning presents how an unconditioned upgrade (UCS), or a nonpartisan occasion, is at first unfit to bring out an unconditioned reaction (UCR), or a reflexive reaction, yet accomplishes the capacity to do as such by matching with another improvement that can inspire such a reaction. Sarah’s circumstance would be a case of traditional molding. The UCS would be Sarah’s brush with death. The UCR from Sarah was tension and fear.Now that she feels uneasiness and dread each time she should drive when it downpours, regardless of whether there is zero chance of another mishap, her response has become a molded reaction (CR) to the downpour, which is presently the adapted boost (CS). Another kind of molding is operant molding. Operant molding (Weiten, 2008) can be recognized from old style molding in that old style molding clarifies how controls by occasions happen before the reflexive reaction, though operant molding clarifies how the reaction is affected by the accompanying consequence of an event.The reaction in operant molding isn't reflexive, yet rather, deliberate. Subsequently, as indicated by Weiten (2008), operant molding is a type of learning where deliberate reactions come to be constrained by their outcomes. Operant molding happens on a regular premise. It very well may be distinguished when a youngster concentrates hard to procure passing marks, a worker strives to gain a raise in his/her compensation, or even a canine performing stunts to acquire a treat.Conditioning was thought to be applied to any species that could react to a boost. In actuality, disclosures in ongoing decades have demonstrated that there are cutoff points to molding. These cutoff points are because of an organism’s natural legacy (Weiten, 2008). Natural float is one of the numerous organic limitations. Instinctual float was first depicted by the Brelands who were operant clinicians in the matter of preparing creatures for business purposes (Breland, 1966 as refered to in Weiten, 2008).This happens when the molding procedure is upset by an animal’s reaction because of intrinsic inclinations. For instance, a canine can be prepared to get a stick, however on the off chance that the pooch is given a bone, the canine would in all probability run off some place to cover the bone. This is a direct result of the dog’s intrinsic food-saving conduct. As expressed by Michael Domjan (2005 as refered to in Weiten, 2008), creatures have created particular reaction frameworks to manage indispensable undertakings and basic instincts throughout evolution.The chief perspective on clinicians today on learning is that learning component among various species are practically equivalent to, however a portion of these instruments have been changed because of the requests of the organism’s condition. Hypotheses of molding didn't assign the job of subjective procedures until late decades. Edward C. Tolman and his associates (Tolman Honzik as refered to in Weiten, 2008) built up an experimentation in which they utilized three gatherings of rodents. Each of the three gatherings were to go through a muddled labyrinth. Gathering A was compensated food every day when they had the option to get to the furthest limit of the labyrinth. Gathering B didn't get any food and gathering C was compensated food on their eleventh preliminary. Gathering A demonstrated a much improvement in a short course of time (around seventeen days) because of the fortification. Gathering B and C, in any case, demonstrated little improvement throughout 10 days. After the eleventh preliminary, bunch C indicated a radical improvement and even surpassed bunch A. Tolman established that the rodents in bunch C have been learning the labyrinth the same amount of as gathering A. The inspiration of the prize appeared to expand bunch C’s potential.He named this as inert realizing, which is torpid information that a living being has, yet doesn't communicate until it is required. Later on in the investigation of brain research, intellectual variables were coordinated into the investigation of molding. A significant subject during the investigation of molding was nature versus nature (Weiten, 2008). Social attributes were believed to be clarified through natural variables, however the ongoing many years of proof from the investigation of old style and operant molding has demonstrated that the way toward molding is impeded by organic constraints.Heritage and the earth by and by challenge the speculations of sustain while impacting practices in living beings. Kid care offices, schools, plants, and significant organizations have all been applied with standards of molding so as to improve. Old style and operant molding has been a noteworthy commitment and has had a significant impact to society. References Weiten, W. (2008). Brain research: Themes varieties briefer rendition (seventh ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. 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Interview-Family Influence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Meeting Family Influence - Assignment Example The family needed to move here and there at regular intervals and this requested them to be versatile and effectively change in accordance with their condition just as the individuals around them. Experiencing childhood in a military family, John Doe was presented to a ton of companions wherein the majority of them additionally have a place with military families. He had White and Black American just as Asian companions and others from social gatherings, as well. â€Å"I was raised without partiality to anyone† (Doe, 2013), the youngster said happily and grinned. He included that his folks never debilitated him to play with other kids from an alternate race. Be that as it may, when he was harassed or on the off chance that he met inconvenience creators, his folks proposed for him to simply avoid them. Doe’s guardians communicated these data verbally to him and his kin right off the bat maybe in light of the fact that they realize they were relied upon to meet various ty pes of individuals. In addition, as any parent does, the Doe couple additionally cautioned the youngsters not to talk with outsiders for their security. Clarifying was the essential way the guardians used to illuminate their kids about the realities regarding life. In spite of the fact that the Doe youngsters were instructed not to have any preference to anybody, they were additionally educated to be cautious with the individuals they don't have the foggiest idea. As specialists regularly state, kids are progressively responsive in gaining from what guardians show more than what they state. In Doe’s case, his parents’ lessons were in reality braced by what he saw them do. At whatever point there were events to praise, the family regularly welcomed guests from different ethnic gatherings. Once in a while, straightforward suppers with different groups of various societies were arranged so as to oblige new companions and realize them better. The kids were additionally urg ed to play together and this upgraded their socialization aptitudes. The best impacts of this in Doe’s life are maybe his flexibility in embracing to new condition and individuals just as great socialization abilities. At the point when sent to an open secondary school, Doe got familiar with different races and he came to see further what partiality and prejudice are. Nonetheless, because of his solid impact from his folks, he kept up his regard toward different races. He never secretly or unmistakably felt preference toward any race regardless of the new data he was absorbing in light of the fact that he never saw anybody from his family embody so. The family never talked about bigotry, woman's rights or homosexuality in light of the fact that maybe the guardians needed the kids to have high resilience toward different races and sexualities. In spite of the fact that correspondence is by all accounts open in the family with regards to a great deal of issues, there were addit ionally things that appeared to be uncomfortable for the family to talk about and this was clear in Doe’s saying, â€Å"†¦but my mother discovered a few things difficult to examine where my father it was his direction and that was that† (Doe, 2013). The man’s refusal to additionally remark on the issue was regarded. Doe concedes that his family fundamentally affected how he sees others of various races or sexual orientation tendencies. He says he couldn't care less a lot if an individual is Black or Asian, gay or straight. In any case, he has this interpretation of each youngster; that they all have the right to have guardians of both genders. He further says that kids get the â€Å"bad rap because of the race they are† and along these lines, kids who have novel guardians, which means two females or two guys, get a similar treatment. Despite the fact that Doe doesn't incur such sort of harassing toward others, he guarantees

Two New Kittens

Two New Kittens 2 Kittens from mysterious origins came into my life about a month ago. They had appeared in our yard back home lonely and hungry, and in just a few days had driven my mom into incoherence. I received an enigmatic voicemail on my way out of some indie movie in the middle of summer, Wah wah wah wah wah and called back in alarm. We dont know where they came from, we dont know who might have put them there, but they were quickly attaching themselves to my parents who absolutely refused to let them into the house but did consent to their use of the flower pots outside for midday naps in the sun. My mom had been feeding them some of her chinese cooking and in exasperation had gone to stop shop and purchased her first bag of dried cat food ever. My dad was contacting animal shelters in the area to see which would take them. So I heard this and even though I was sure just a semester ago that I could never take care of an animal and a cat could never love me, I figured this was just one of those things that happen and that you could either ignore and go on as you did before or embrace and let it change your life a little and thats what I did. I asked her to send a couple pictures and said that I will take care of them til I find homes for them around here. So I took a trip back to CT in the middle of the summer to pick up the kittens. Chris came w/ me cause hes always wanted a black cat and I had my eye on the little black and white kitten. They were itching and itching like they were trying to take their fur out and my mom figured they had fleas. And sure enough we had the little buggers flying off the kittens in the bathtub with the first bit of flea shampoo. And a flea collar and some Revolution later theyve stopped itching and rubbing up against things. Weve brought them back to MIT and theyre the newest celebrities in the dorm. 10 inches long from head to butt when they arrived, theyve since learned how to use the litter box, been to the vet and had their sex determined for them (black ones a boy and the others a girl), gotten the first of their 2 shots for distemper, and grown at least several inches as well. Rolls upon rolls of film have been burned on these two, but Ill spare you. Just a couple here. On the drive up to MIT: In bexley: Some of what happened to colins computer: If you go into my google search records this past month it is at least 80% about cats. Flea products for kittens How do you litter train kittens? Size of 2 month old kittens Size of 3 month old kittens How big should 3 month old kittens be How old are my kittens dammit How do you get kittens to sleep at night and not pounce on your toes under the covers? Life of a cat Training your kittens to walk on their hind legs Why do cats look at me like that? How much to feed 2-3 month old kittens Best kitten diet Kittens always hungry How can you tell if you are underfeeding your kittens? Can cats read minds Do cats have x-ray vision? Should I let kittens play outdoors Why do kittens not look before they leap even if what they are leaping over is the barrier between something really good and fun like grass and something that they really hate like a moat Kittens getting a belly How do you tell if you are overfeeding your kittens Thank god for the internet, really. JP Licks being JP Licks Chris and cat size comparison. Things they like: a good belly rub pizza pawing things following me around standing up on their hind legs not having fleas (though I certainly havent heard a word of thanks) sleeping in my bed at night giving me allergies clinging snooping eating pooping tricking me and chris into thinking they havent been fed yet even though they totally have so they get to eat more and poop more the second floor lounge / foosball table my necklace licking each other and then hitting each other in the face standing in the litter box even though you are clearly trying to clean the litter box chewing on their own tails pushing the F-buttons on my laptop whose functions are nothing but a mystery to me so I dont know how to make my browser go back to how it was before. ignoring what I tell them to do (like not pushing the F-buttons or pouncing on the cursor on the screen) not noticing when they are being raised 8 ft in the air raising a ruckus just because they can talking to me like I understand them listening to me talk to them like they understand me looking out the window moths catching moths eating moths leaving uneaten moth parts in my bed physics like the physics of jumping really really high and condensed matter physics running like mad and sliding uncontrollably into the hallway whenever they hear anyone come in the door untying things (like shoes) falling off of things watching the olympics with me the little streamers on my fan (oh boy oh boy oh boy) my moms cooking judging people before they really get to know them. for shame, cats hanging out inside guitar cases and amps being better fed than i am being named maxwell j.p. licks. Further interests: being cats all day long Licks her new toy omg kittens lives are so exciting Things they dont like, or really really dont like: showers being upside-down the moat around the chapel jumping accidentally into the moat around the chapel and having to be rescued and then getting a shower afterwards my vacuum cleaner being woken up and held by people just cause theyre so darn cute being poked in the nose when the other kitten is still eating and they are not (even though you guys got the same amount and you just gobbled yours down) when anyone is eating and they are not especially when they are eating pizza my morning routine because they get fed afterwards mango timeout outside my room for spilling things or breaking crap or jumping on my chest when Im trying to sleep physics- like the physics of falling in moats and high-energy-density physics like what the hell is that anyways racism. esp when it gets in the way of them being fed. flash photography Licks is coming over to EC w/ me next week when I move back. I think shell like it there w/ all the space and all the other cats for company. Naturally, Maxwell can come over, too :)

Managing Business Relationship - 1207 Words

Introduction Communication underlies the effectiveness of coordinating exchange activities, developing strong relationships, which results in improved performance Without effective inter-organizational communications, learning among workmates is diminished and the long-run effectiveness of the relationship may be damaged. Communication presupposes that there is a particular cultural framework that allows translation of the meaning embedded within communication by the recipient to maintain the true intent of the communication (Blalock, 2005). When business partners emanate from different cultures, the underlying cultural inconsistencies in communication patterns create hurdles to the development of effective business relationships.†¦show more content†¦These reports may seem a tedious task, but they are precious in ensuring that employee and the management has mutual understanding of what is going on, and the reports come in very handy for planning purposes, such as promotion and career development. They also make otherwise harried staff and managers stand back and reflect on what they are doing. In addition, hold regular meetings with all staff together. The purpose of this is to review the overall condition of the organization and review recent successes. ServIT may consider conducting in service training where employees take turns describing their roles to the rest of the staff. For clarity, focus and morale, be sure to use agendas and ensure follow-up minutes (Ford McDowell, 2003:433). These meetings go a long way toward building a feeling of teamwork among staff and provide an opportunity for staff to express their thoughts about future development of the business. The third communication issue is Sally’s office policy. Sally should adopt an Open Door Policy for all employees. This means, literally, that every manager s door is open to every employee (Jones George Hill, 2001:238). The purpose of open door policy is to encourage open communication, feedback, and discussion about any matter of importance to an employee. It means that employees are free to talk with manager at any time. InShow MoreRelatedManaging Director Of An Innovative Publishing Business1542 Words   |  7 Pagesand strong relationships with its employees, clients and patients. The following essay will focus on the ‘4Rs of Reflection’ that has been used to develop a reflective analysis. The findings of which the analysis is based follows an interview with an experienced managing director of an innovative publishing business. The insights and examples recorded during the discussion and then evaluated afterwards using the analysis format underscore the i mportance of good communication in a business settingRead More Human Resource Management Essay example1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe Employment relationship is the only reason public and private limited organisations work effectively. The Employment relationship is a fragile tie between an employer â€Å"management† and employee â€Å"worker†. This relationship can be affected by 3 factors which are interests, control and motivation. Employers have to balance these factors in order to maintain a productive working relationship. Employment relationship works like any other relationship, commitment is required from both sides. InRead MoreThe Value Of Ethical Conduct And Managing Diversity Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Issue: The Value of Ethical Conduct and Managing Diversity Review of Subject This essay explores what Organizational Behavior (OB) is and the value of ethical conduct, and discusses the methods of managing diversity taking into consideration socializing and organization culture. OB is a study of the people in organization, about how they work, and how they produce results. Organizational ethical conducts are those morally accepted by the employees, the customers, and the public. It couldRead MoreManaging Up An Integrated System Of Management1366 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers. Though every project will have different amount of the respective roles listed above, one thing that has gained a lot of traction in the recent years and is still a relatively new focus point is the relationship between the manager and the employee more specifically, managing up. Managing up has an impact on organizational output. In order for this to be successful the principles must be understood and applied as an integrated system of management. Traditional management has a lot of key decisionsRead MoreThe Blossoms Garden Center ( Bgc )1521 Words   |  7 Pagesplant and its knowledgeable staff, it still faced problems during the developing process, which could cause negative effects in itself such as lack of competitiveness and loss market shares (PMM, 2015). Specifically, in line with market changes, the business generated revenue has sharply decreased from  £4.23million in 2013 to  £3.87million in 2014 (PMM, 2015). This case study aims to identify those problems of Blossoms Garden Center. It critically examines a number of strategies could be used efficientlyRead MoreBusiness Management : Successful Competitive World Of Business971 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness management is defined as the act or practice of running a business. Managing is the pr ocess of monitoring, controlling, leading, organizing and planning. In the work world there are many opportunities for this major. The function of a business is to provide a service or product to consumers, generate employment opportunities thereby creating a prosperous financial future for the business and its stakeholders. Business management majors are taught to understand big and small businessRead MoreResolving Issues Of Managing Supplier Relationships Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesResolving Issues in Managing Supplier Relationships In my interview with Elly Cipto, I learned a lot about what she does as a business owner of Computech International Technology, a small company that resells machinery parts. When discussing some of the challenges that she faces, she identified managing supplier relationships to be one of the biggest issues when working in international business. The issue with having to manage supplier relationships is the difficulty of finding suppliers that carryRead MoreA Brief Analysis of the Structure and Design of Typerite Ltd.1284 Words   |  6 Pagesas the work involved in the manufacturing process was manual in nature and very labour intensive. Now due to technological advances in the area they employ 30 members of staff. Members of staff include; Gary Barlow who is the owner and acts as Managing Director, his wife and co-owner Florence Barlow who is Company Secretary, their daughter Cathy Gamble who deals with Sales and Marketing of the company, Fiona Boyle who is Office Manager, Jim Co glan who is Purchasing Manager and Tracey Tsang whoRead MoreCrm Capabilities and the Customer Life Cycle740 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Customer Life Cycle Customer acquisition consists of the business processes in the CLC leading up to the customer moment, when consumers become customers . . . or not. This includes awareness generation, knowledge transfer, consideration, pre-sales, and evaluation. Capabilities include consumer surveys in business operations, tracking enterprise-wide customer interactions in business management, and market basket analysis in business intelligence. The enterprise clearly requires customer acquisitionRead MoreUnilevers Self-Assessment: An Analysis893 Words   |  4 Pagesidentified in the areas of communication, process management and goal deployment. Since communication in any form is a strong component of a successful business, this one facet alone is well worth the self-assessment process if it succeeded in initiating those improvements. As one recent study determined strategic planning is an essential part of doing business (Parke, 2012, p. 44) and self-assessment is one factor of strategic planning that in Unilevers case made total sense. One specific manner in

Essay On Water Supply System - 771 Words

In a recent proposal the state of California has decided we need to take further action into protecting our water reliability. Officials are suggesting that we should spend $20-50 billion into creating a two new tunnels known as the California WaterFix system from the Sacramento River to the Delta pumping plants in the Southern Delta, with funding being allocated from both agricultural and urban users. Although there are some benefits from creating a new water project, it would have far more negative externalities when it comes to economical, environmental, and corrupt agribusinesses. To invest in a completely new water supply system is economically unreasonable. The total costs to build the tunnels could go over $20-50 billion,†¦show more content†¦The California Waterfix proponents often mention that building the new tunnels will be safer and more reliable towards the fisheries and the ocean outflows. However, the co-plan Bay Delta Conservation Plan is deceitful in its tru e intentions. By shifting the Sacramento River with the flow of fresh water, it would lead to an even greater rise in sea levels along with climate change. By focusing our investments into restructuring the current Delta levees with an increase in outflows and state of the art fish screens, it would preserve the endangered marine life. Also, there is an ongoing fear within Southern California residents with the topic of earthquakes, finding comfort with the â€Å"reliability† of the new Waterfix systems. In the case of the surrounding areas of the Delta, it’s almost impossible for the system to be completely protected against water breaks. Investing in new tunnels won’t change anything in how our system will put up against a natural disaster. The main audience that benefits from building the new Waterfix system are the agribusinesses and oil companies. 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One from CNN titled, â€Å"Water Crisis in Flint, Michigan, Draws Federal Investigation,† written by Greg Botelho, Sarah Jorgenson, Joseph Netto, which focuses on the investigation but also background into the crisis. The next article I have chosen an article from the New York Times (NYT). This article titled, â€Å"As Water Problems Grew, Officials Belittled Complaints From Flint.† From theRead MoreGlobal Sustainability and the Water Supply1566 Words   |  6 PagesThe increase of global urban population has become a critical issue that the world is facing; as the world population continuously increases, the need for natural resources (Land, water, energy and food) also increases. Howe ver, natural resources are known to be finite. Which is why sustainability has become a major concept during recent times. 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Catalase Write Up Free Essays

This experiment was performed to determine the factors that positively influence catalase reaction rates in the break down of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase enzyme activity was measured through its break down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen through the displacement of water. We compared the decomposition rates in samples with varying pH levels of 2-10. We will write a custom essay sample on Catalase Write Up or any similar topic only for you Order Now The samples with the most neutral ph level decomposed hydrogen peroxide the quickest and most efficiently. Hypothesis Catalase is a fast working enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and gas. dictionary. com) Many factors affect the break down of hydrogen peroxide, one of the main factors that relates to the human body is pH levels. With the presence of strong acids or strong bases the production rate of oxygen gas will increase the rate of reaction. As quoted from allsciencefair. com â€Å"The optimal pH range is about 7-8 (physiological pH of most cells), but a few enzymes can work at extreme pH, such as protease enzymes in animal stomachs, which have an optimum of pH 1. This shows that for the human body catalase needs to be able to function properly at extreme pH levels, proving where our hypothesis was drawn from. http://www. all-science-fair-projects. com/science_fair_projects/105/901/69adbb37c02f0fb4f8b674fbae189d9f. html Procedure Record the pH level of the m ix between catalase and the acid/base Dip the circles of filter paper into the mixture and place on top of the inside of the glass bottle. Add 5mL of hydrogen peroxide into the glass bottle ensuring that none touches the opening or the filter paper. Place the bottle in the water tray and slide the nossel under the graduated cylinder full of water. Flip the bottle so the hydrogen peroxide mixes with the catalase filter paper. Measure the production of oxygen gas every 5 seconds for 1 minute. Repeat for the remaining pH levels. Materials -Sulphuric Acid (0. 05M) -Potassium hydroxide (0. 05M and 0. 5M) -Catalase -water tray -3 250mL beakers -pH paper -3 eye droppers -2 graduated Cylinders -Dissection probe -filter paper -Hole Punch -Water -Distilled water -square glass container with nossel -Safety glasses Through the results that were gained in our experiment the information proves that as pH level’s move towards their extremes, the rate of oxygen produced decreases severely. As you can see in our sixth trial on day 2 the pH was recorded at f 7 with a rate of reaction of INSERT # HERE indicating to us our middle value to compare other data to. When looking at the trends of trial 1 which is a pH of 5 you can see that the rate decreases as it becomes more acidic, then when comparing to trial 4 with a pH of 2 there is no oxygen gas being produced. Similarly when the solution becomes more basic the rate decreases as we can see in trial two which yields a pH of 8. As the curve of best fit demonstrates as the pH increases or decreases from the neutral of 7 the reaction rate approach’s 0. In the human body all organs produce catalase but the greatest quantity of catalase is found in the liver. In completing this experiment and analyzing the results it is noticeable that for the human body to have it’s greatest rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, a neutral environment is a necessity. If the human body was to suffer from a case of acidosis where the body became to acidic it would negatively affect the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by slowing do the process. Hydrogen Peroxide is created by many enzymes in our body that break down fatty acids and amino acids. When the hydrogen peroxide is created its kept in peroxisomes as it can be damaging. Peroxisomes are also where our catalase is stored allowing for the easy break down of the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. http://www. madsci. org/posts/archives/1999-09/938519528. Bc. r. html http://www. scribd. com/doc/90888398/Catalase-Blood-Hydrogen-Peroxide How to cite Catalase Write Up, Papers

Activity Observes Stages Corporate World †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Activity Observes Stages Australian Corporate World? Answer: Introducation The term phoenix activity is related to the commercial entity of Australia. It is incorporated with an idea either to rescue an old business or to defraud the creditors. The conception of phoenix activity observes in three stages of the Australian corporate world. Australian Securities and Investments Commission has characterised three parts where the activity forms such as innocent phoenix operators, occupational hazard and careerist offenders (Anderson, et al., 2016). Intention of the directors that are involved in such activity can be of legal and illegal. Object of legal phoenix activity is to rescue an old business and object of the illegal activity is to defraud the creditors of the old company and to evade tax. Yes, phoenix society can be beneficial to society. It has been observed that the activity regarding the subject maintained a common pattern. A company has been incorporated for a period of six to twelve months. During the period, it tries to take large debts and allows creditors to invest money in the company. However, when the company feels that it becomes impossible for them to meet the loan, it goes into the winding up proceeding (Barnes, 2013). However, the activity involves legal proceeding too. The activity is using as a process to rescue the old business that becomes insolvent and it transfers all the liabilities of the old company to the new one without changes its structure. Therefore, there is a chance avails regarding the possibilities of entrepreneurship and the employees are become more reliable in the companies. Even the legal phoenix activities are follow up the rules regarding the Corporation Act 2001 (Brubaker, R. (2013). Purpose of the activity: It has been observed that the directors who are engaged in such activities, use the same as a safeguard to defraud the creditors and evade the government revenue. However, phoenix activity can be used for certain legal proceedings too (DeBacker, Heim Tran, 2015). There are certain purposes stated under the phoenix activity that are divided into two parts. The purpose of the legal phoenix activities are as follows: To rescue a business; To encourage the idea of entrepreneurship; To maintain the legal ideology in both the companies; To secure the interest of the employees of the old company by reappoint them in the new company. The purposes of the illegal phoenix activity are as follows: To defraud the creditors; To escape the large debts if any; To evade the taxes; And to transfer all the assets of the old company to the new company. Who are getting benefit and who losses: It has been stated under the provision of the phoenix activity, it has two different spheres, legal and illegal (Knaplund, 2015). In recent times, there are many allegations made regarding the illegality of the activity. The directors of the companies are incorporated a company for a period of six to twelve months and take huge loan for certain reasons. After a certain period, when the company collapsed, they transferred all the money to a newly incorporated company and tried to avoid the creditors and evade the taxation liabilities. In this process, the directors of such companies are getting benefit and the creditors and the government are facing loss (Lanis Richardson, 2015). Where the activity of the phoenix maintains all the principles of law, there is no scope for loss. The directors of the company and the creditors and the government, all are getting benefit. The intention of the directors of such companies is not to defraud the creditors and therefore, there is no chance for loss. Prohibitory section of phoenix activity: It has been observed that in the provinces of Australia there is no particular Act or law that its deal with the Phoenix activity. The general law of the Corporation Act and certain areas of taxation Administration Act and fair work act has been applied in this case. Phoenix activities are reported now a days as a one of the most illegal corporate practices in Australia. The director of those companies who are involved in the Phoenix activity used to open a company for a term of 6 to 12 months and used to take huge amount of loan from the banks and after certain times they wind up the company and when to incorporate another new company and transferred all the money is of that old company to the new company. Therefore it can be observed that the directors of those companies have failed to follow their minimum duty of care and they dont even pay the tax to the government and therefore certain professions of the taxation Administration Act has also been attracted. The company related matters in Australia is governed by the Corporation Act 2001. When the director of a company has failed to perform their duty to take reasonable care to the employees of the clients and when this raised to act diligently section 180 of the Corporation Act applied as against those directors. In the case of Phoenix activities section 180 of the Corporation Act will be applicable (Lynch et al., 2016). Provision breached by phoenix activity: It is a fact that Australia has not enacted any separate law to prohibit the growing nature of the Phoenix activities. It has been observed that when a director of the company has breached the profession mentioned under the law section 180 and section 181 of the Corporation Act will be applicable on them (Muhammadi, et al., 2016). It has also seen that in most of the Phoenix activities, the winding up proceeding of the companies are not follow the guidelines mentioned under section 489EA of the Corporation Act. It is the utmost duty of the directors of a company to take reasonable care and ac diligently while dealing with the stakeholders all colleagues and the creditors. In case of Phoenix activities there is a spree two different the creditors and is it the tax has been observed. That makes the Phoenix activity as an illegal process and Corporation law help to carved doors processes by way of implementing laws and policy. The main issue of this case is that whether Mr. Giudice is liable to Breach the provision of the Corporation Act as amazed by the Australian securities and investment Commission or not. This is a case where the Phoenix activities was observed. It was released by the Australian securities and investment Commission that the alleged company is involved in the illegal process of Phoenix activities and the director of the company is trying to transfer the money to a new incorporated company from the old company and there is every possible chance to defraud the creditors and event the taxation system of the Government (Richardson, Taylor Lanis, 2013). Observation by Court: It was held by the court that there is no evidence submitted by the Australian securities and investment Commission that can point out the fact of the allegation against the director of the company. It has been stated by the ld court that the direction of the company has maintained every legal documents and cost and account documents and he has relevant papers that can show that is not illegal motive of him to defraud the creditors or event that tax. It has also been mentioned by the code that the director of the company has not concealed any facts regarding the old as well as new company. Therefore it was observed by the court that the Phoenix activities where the present company is involved is not a legal in nature rather it is legal as the director of the company has submitted all the relevant documents regarding the cost and accounts and other before the court. Regarding the recent sources that is available in case of the Phoenix activities it can be observed that there are some common criteria present. Some of those criteria are there should be a second company Incorporated and the route of the second company will be engraved with the predecessor company. It has been observed that there are two kinds of Phoenix activities takes place in the corporate world of Australia. Sometimes it can be seen that the activities of the companies involved in such activities for lose all the legal professionals of the Corporation Acts and other applicable Acts. These companies are said to involved in the illegal activities and sometimes it is observed that the directors of the company is involved in the Phoenix activities have an intention to defraud the creditors or evade the taxation system of the Government and this process is called as the illegal Phoenix activities. Not only the intention of the directors regarding the creditors or tax, but the windin g up process of such companies is also not according to the positions of Corporation Act 2001. The main problem regarding the growing nature of the Phoenix activities is there is no specific know that can especially during the illegal out sources of the Phoenix activities. Therefore the cunning mentality of the directors of the company are in rise. It has been observed that when the companies are facing hurdles regarding its financial activities as well as administration process the directors of company price to transfer the money from the old company to the new company and different the creditors without informing them about the Incorporation of the new company and such activities is dangerous as against the interest of the creditors. Therefore there is a need to make relevant rules act in this regard and it is important to make the rules picture so that the directors have to change the mentality of the intention to different the creditors event the tax system of the government (Price, 2016). In most of the cases it has been observed that the Phonics activities involve illegal processes. One of the most common hurdle to prove the illegality off the Phoenix activity is that there should be certain accurate documents to prove that the company is involved in the Phoenix activities or the legal process of company law. All the important database regarding the director of the company has been mentioned under the Australian securities and investment commissions and ATO (Watson, 2015). There is no restriction mentioned under any law of Australia that the effects of one company cannot be transferred to another company. However it is to be kept in mind that all the money that are transferred to another company should be followed the rules mentioned under the act of Australia. The directors of the company should maintain the process of legal outsourcers and shoot a property tax to the government. It has been observed that by the year 2012 the Australian government has to face a huge revenue loss due to the directors intention to evade tax. As there is no specific apps that can prohibit or restrict the illegal acts of the director of the company regarding the Phoenix activities, the malpractice by the director of such companies are not stoppable. Therefore it is important to implement certain rules or certain laws to deal with the offence. If the Phoenix activities that is illegal in nature can be regarded as an options and there should be certain strict law regarding the same the green nature of the Phoenix activities can be resolved. The main loopholes of the Phoenix activities is that Australia has not enacted any special law regarding the same and if any provision regarding the Phoenix activity can be made, the problem regarding the same can be resolved effectively. It has been reported by many sources that the activities regarding the Phoenix system can affect the whole system of the Government of Australia. It is not ok to say that the Australia is a business country and their economic structure of Australia is depend on the industries. However if there is any illegal process involved in such activities it is very tough to gain proper redressalregarding the corporate future. Therefore there is a need to develop the structural process of the general law and make it strict so that the directors will refrain them to involve in such heinous crime. It has been mentioned earlier that certain provisions of the Corporation Act has been followed up to address the problem. Section 180 of the Corporation Act will apply in the cases where the directors of the companies are involved in the process against the interest of the creditors and section 184 of the corporation at will apply in those cases were the director will fail to disclose proper documents to other stakeholders. Is the wanting a procedure of the company is not follow the guidelines of the law section 489EA will be applicable on them (Ormerod, Smith Hogan, 2015). Apart from the Corporation Act 2001 there are certain other law that should be applicable in this procedures. One of the most common intention of the directors that is involved under the illegal Phoenix activities to evade tax. Therefore certain rules under the taxation Administration Act of Australia will be applicable here. it is not out to state that if the directors of the company transferred the money from the old company to the newly incorporated company then the interest of the creditors will be at risk. It is obvious to say that the activities of the directors in these cases is not follow up the rules regarding the fair work act and therefore certain provisions especially section 50 of the fair work Act 2009 will be applicable here. Jaipur it can be observed that there are several sections mentioned under different acts of Australia but there is necessity regarding a unique code that can structurally restrict the Phoenix activities. A systematic approach is needed to cast the social phenomena. It can be structured by way of taking special resolution by the government of the legislative bodies of Australia. Amendment can also be regarded as one of the latest version regarding the structure of the offences. Certain rules are needed to be implemented to restrict the orphans in this case. Reference: Anderson, H. L., O'Connell, A., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. A., Withers, H. (2015). The Productivity Commission, Corporate Insolvency and Phoenix Companies. Anderson, H. L., O'Connell, A., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. A., Withers, H. (2015). Profiling Phoenix Activity: A New Taxonomy. Anderson, H. L., O'Connell, A., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. A., Withers, H. (2014). Defining and Profiling Phoenix Activity. Anderson, H., Hedges, J., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. (2016). Illegal phoenix activity from the insolvency practitioner's perspective.Australian Restructuring Insolvency Turnaround Association Journal,28(4), 23. Barnes, L. R. (2013). The Albatross Around the Neck of Company Directors: A Journey Through Case Law, Legislation and Corporate Governance. Brubaker, R. (2013). Expert Report regarding the Ponzi Scheme Presumptionof Actual Intent to Defraud Creditors. DeBacker, J., Heim, B. T., Tran, A. (2015). Importing corruption culture from overseas: Evidence from corporate tax evasion in the United States.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), 122-138. DeMott, D. (2016). Accessory Disloyalty: Comparative Perspectives on Substantial Assistance to Fiduciary Breach. Knaplund, K. S. (2015). Becoming Charitable: Predicting and Encouraging Charitable Bequests in Wills. Lanis, R., Richardson, G. (2015). Is corporate social responsibility performance associated with tax avoidance?.Journal of Business Ethics,127(2), 439-457. Lynch, K., Hobson, J., Roberts, H., Payne, B. (2016). An analysis of the impact of Community Ownership of Local Assets; case studies from Tewkesbury District, Gloucestershire. Muhammadi, A. H., Muhammadi, A. H., Ahmed, Z., Ahmed, Z., Habib, A., Habib, A. (2016). Multinational transfer pricing of intangible assets: Indonesian tax auditors perspectives.Asian Review of Accounting,24(3), 313-337. Ormerod, D. C., Laird, K., Smith, J. C., Hogan, B. (2015).Smith and Hogan's criminal law. Oxford University Press. Price, J. (2016). The regulator: Illegal phoenix activity.Company Director,32(5), 15. Richardson, G., Taylor, G., Lanis, R. (2013). The impact of board of director oversight characteristics on corporate tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,32(3), 68-88. Simester, A. P., Spencer, J. R., Stark, F., Sullivan, G. R., Virgo, G. J. (2016).Simester and Sullivan's criminal law: theory and doctrine. Bloomsbury Publishing. Watson, S. (2015). Corporate Law and Governance.NZ Law Review,2015, 239-717. Welsh, M., Anderson, H. (2016). The Public Enforcement of Sanctions against Illegal Phoenix Activity: Scope, Rationale and Reform.Fed. L. Rev.,44, 201.

Primark Analysis Essay Example

Primark Analysis Essay Primark is an Irish clothing brand, with over 200 stores over the world in countries such as Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands or Belgium. It is considered one of the most important ‘fast fashion’ leaders in the UK retailing market. Its main and notable differentitive key points is producing large volume of clothing and selling them at a very cheap price. It has several lines to cover as many targets as possible such as women clothing, men clothing, shoes, accessories, baby clothing, children clothing, underwear, swim wear, night wear and house clothing. It has different brands for each sector, the main ones are: Atmosphere — womenswear/footwear Active meanswear Backswings womens and mens sports brand Beach club- Luggage, ladies beachwear Butler Webb — Premium formal menswear Cedarwood State — casual menswear Denim Co. — womenswear, casual mens and childrenswear Early Days — babywear (newborn-23mnths) Essentials Basic Cheaper Items Girl 2 Girl — young girlswear (2yrs-7yrs) Limited Edition — womenswear Opia accessories Primark Beauty Cosmetics Primark Home — home items Rebel Junior — younger boyswear (2yrs-7yrs) Rebel Senior — older boyswear (7yrs-13yrs) Ryans value Socks Secret Possessions — lingerie, womens nightwear Young Dimension (YD) — older girlswear (7yrs-13yrs) 1 Primark is not destacable for its trendy, high fashion product but for its simple design and fabric products with a low value price affordable for everyones pocket. I decided to choose Primark because as i chose Louis Vuitton for my CRM analysis I thought it would be interesting to analyze a complete opposite market brand. In my opinion, i thing it is very interesting to analyze how a brand like Primark has evolutioned and has taken advantage of the recession period and has made his best of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Primark Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Primark Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Primark Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer TARGET AUDIENCE It is not difficult to identify a Primark consumer, it targets males, females and children within the mass market. The age of its target customers are from early teens to the middle aged (mostly women buying for the family) with a low budget or no interest in the latest fashion. As I said before, it s for customers looking for simple design, simple fabrics. ? Demographics: Age and gender: Young women and men (more women) in average under 35. Family size: Either for young single people or mothers buying for all the family. Income: Generally low income, not much disposable women so they shop in Primark to be able to have a larger variety of clothes Occupation: Students with no jobs or part-time jobs and people with low-paying jobs. Education: Primark consumers are not fashion educated Race: All kind of races, i think immigrants are also an important target as the cost of living abroad is already very high so they have less disposable money to spend on clothing. Nationality: People from where their stores are based (Enlish, Irish, Spanish, Portugeese, Germans ) and immigrants living in those countries. Purchasing behaviour segmentation: User occasion: The occassions in which Primark clothes can be used is very broad due to its large sector coverage, informal occassions, formal occassions, at work, in school/college/university, etc Benefits wanted: Primark consumers are not expecting high quality or long lasting products. They want disposable products. Loyalty level: Generally Primark comsumers are not classified as True Friends, they are loyal because they have no access to more expensive brands, but if their disposable money was higher they would go somewhere else. Readiness to purchase: As prices are so cheap consumers dont get stoped by this factor, they are usually quite impuslsive because they know that if they dont buy it, 1 hours later someone is going to buy it and they will loose their opportunity. Geographic segmentation: Country: Countries where stores are located (Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands or Belgium) Actual Street: Primark stores are locate in relatively big cities but not the most cosmopolite ones. Climate: they have stores in cold countries as well as in warmer countries (UK or Spain) Hemisphere: All of Primark stores are located in the north hemisphere. Psycho-graphic segmentation: Social class: Low socioeconomic class, they have low disposable money. Lifestyles: Students or working poeple Personality type: Low fashion oriented, they dont care about what others think of their way of dressing. Spending attitude: Usually they dont have a lot of money to spend so they usually are careful about on what they spend it on. MOSAIC According to the UK’s mosaic classification I would say Primark consumers belong to the groups: Group H: New Homemakers New Homemakers live in homes which are likely to have been built only in the last five years. These homes can take a variety of forms: small well appointed flats in new brown field inner city locations suitable for young, single people, many of whom rent from private landlords; small starter homes designed for people on average incomes; mixes of flats and houses in larger new developments where local councils have required developers to include some affordable housing alongside more luxurious homes. Learning how to use financial products, surviving on a budget and managing debts are concerns for many in this group. It is a market for which many suppliers can productively convert to direct debit as a means of payment and for email as a means of billing. Group K: Upper Floor Living Upper Floor Living people are on limited incomes and rent small flats from local councils or housing associations. Typically these people are young single people or young adults sharing a flat. They may also be single people of older working age or even pensioners. Group O: Liberal Opinions Liberal Opinions are young, professional, well educated people, cosmopolitan in their tastes, liberal in their views, who enjoy the vibrancy and diversity of inner city living. These neighbourhoods also contain a high proportion of the country’s students living in term-time accommodation, whether in halls of residence or shared accommodation. Basically they are people with limited incomes or no incomes (students) not fashion educated, young, they dont live in the center of the city and in small flats. ACORN Primark consumers belong to the comfortably off, moderate means and hard pressed groups. Starting out, secure families, settles suburbia, prudent pensioners, asian communities, post industrial families, blue collar roots, struggling families, burdened singles, high rise hardship and inner city adversity. ? PEN PORTRAIT Primarks target audience can be described as students, young women or men with no taste for fashion or middle aged people that pertain to a low socio economic class. I asume they dont have important positions at work because they dont have a large amouunt of disposable money or they simply dont care about quality or design. They could be classified as late majority or laggard consumers. They dont want to be fashionable or they dont care, they just want clothes to wear. They would like to have a higher income to be able to spend more money in clothing. Usually they like going out because they are young and to socialise with other poeple of their kind. They are in school or university or they are in their first years of their career. They prefer to save money on clothing and spend it going out or spending it on their families. They are concerned about on what they spend their money on. FRAME OF REFERENCE Primark is a discount brand, for people with very low income but he has completely rebranded and repositioned itself in the market to also try to become a major player in the mass market sector. Its main competitors are basically supermarket fashion brands ? , brands like George by Asda that combine ‘fashionable’ clothes with extremely affordable prices. Its main competitors are Matalan, Peacocks, George @ Asda or Florence and Fred @ Tesco. I think these are its main competitors because their ranges of price are similar and the clothes are both simple and low quality. ? 1 ? Picture 1 belongs to the Matalan collection and picture 2 to a Peacocks advertising, we can appreciate similarity in style with the pictures of Primark above, and see that the designs of this pieces of clothing is quite simple. The Marketing Mix consists of four major components: product, price, promotion and place. Marketing is more than simply selling a product. The marketing mix informs customers i n a way that helps them decide if the product suits their needs. It focuses on making a product available at the right place, at the right time and at a price that is acceptable to customers. Primarks market research and strategy enables them to ensure that an image is created, sustained and reinforced which is entirely appropriate to its customer and the retail trading environment. Primark has created a marketing mix that identifies, anticipates and satisfies its customers needs while contributing to the success of its operation. Primarks image and product are communicated to the consumer through PR, advertising, sponsorship and store design so that consumer expectations are met.

Free Essays on World Religion

World Religions – Term Paper Quiz Part 1: Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism 1) Origin Hindu is an altered version of the word Sindhu which is a Sanskrit name for the Indus River. It is called Hindu as opposed to Sindhu because the Persians found the letter â€Å"s† difficult to say. The Hindus refer to the meaning of their religion as â€Å"sanatana dharma† or eternal law. Hinduism is the main religion of India representing a complex mix of rituals, practices, observances, cults and doctrines. It was established between 2000 and 1500 BC and is known as the world’s oldest religion. This religion is unique as compared to other religions because there are no founders and it has several holy books as opposed to one. There are also many gods and beliefs. The religion’s roots are from ancient Aryan beliefs and practices and are a way of life for Hindus. Hindu’s believe in reincarnation or when the body dies the soul lives on. Every time a person dies they are reincarnated into a new body. The person can come back as a mammal, insect, or plant. This is called Karma or the natural laws of cause and effect. The goal is for individuals to escape this chain of reincarnation (atman) so their soul may rest. In Hinduism there is the Trimuti, which consists of three main gods. These gods are Vishnu the sustainer, Brahma the creator and Shiva the destroyer. Hindus do not eat beef and are vegetarians since most of the Hindu gods relate to animals. For instance, cows are considered sacred and Hindus worship these animals as a divine mother. Hinduism has a very strict caste system into which one is born. The rules are strict and forbid a person from communicating with people that are outside of the caste. One of the beliefs of Hindus is non-violence or ahisma. Another belief is that people should be respected because they are aspects of Brahman. Buddhism is derived from the name Buddha. The basic belief of ... Free Essays on World Religion Free Essays on World Religion World Religions – Term Paper Quiz Part 1: Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism 1) Origin Hindu is an altered version of the word Sindhu which is a Sanskrit name for the Indus River. It is called Hindu as opposed to Sindhu because the Persians found the letter â€Å"s† difficult to say. The Hindus refer to the meaning of their religion as â€Å"sanatana dharma† or eternal law. Hinduism is the main religion of India representing a complex mix of rituals, practices, observances, cults and doctrines. It was established between 2000 and 1500 BC and is known as the world’s oldest religion. This religion is unique as compared to other religions because there are no founders and it has several holy books as opposed to one. There are also many gods and beliefs. The religion’s roots are from ancient Aryan beliefs and practices and are a way of life for Hindus. Hindu’s believe in reincarnation or when the body dies the soul lives on. Every time a person dies they are reincarnated into a new body. The person can come back as a mammal, insect, or plant. This is called Karma or the natural laws of cause and effect. The goal is for individuals to escape this chain of reincarnation (atman) so their soul may rest. In Hinduism there is the Trimuti, which consists of three main gods. These gods are Vishnu the sustainer, Brahma the creator and Shiva the destroyer. Hindus do not eat beef and are vegetarians since most of the Hindu gods relate to animals. For instance, cows are considered sacred and Hindus worship these animals as a divine mother. Hinduism has a very strict caste system into which one is born. The rules are strict and forbid a person from communicating with people that are outside of the caste. One of the beliefs of Hindus is non-violence or ahisma. Another belief is that people should be respected because they are aspects of Brahman. Buddhism is derived from the name Buddha. The basic belief of ...

Zero Carbon Homes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Zero Carbon Homes - Essay Example Through the use of renewable energy systems, engineers, contractors and architects can easily offset or lessen the emission of carbon. In the process of continuously promoting energy efficiency in buildings and local houses, engineers, contractors and architects will be able to protect the environment from the harmful effects of carbon emission (gov.uk, 2012). Now-a-days, low carbon technologies such as the use of heat pumps, photovoltaic arrays, bioenergy systems, and thermal insulation are currently available in the market. Despite the different kinds of low carbon technologies, only the use of photovoltaic arrays technology will be highlighted throughout the paper discussion. In response to the development of green building, ways on how photovoltaic arrays technology can be use in the construction of green buildings and houses will be examined and analyzed. After providing a clear description of photovoltaic arrays technology, its value in terms of providing solution to climate change and ways on how to create more photovoltaic arrays technology innovation will be tackled in details. Prior to conclusion, various assessment techniques and regulations such as the Feed-in-Tariff and Photovoltaic arrays technology produces electricity coming from the sun. Often times, photovoltaic arrays are placed on the roofs of buildings and houses. Other than the sloping angle and the location where the photovoltaic cells are placed, the efficiency of this particular renewable energy sources is highly dependent on the size and type of cell used (i.e. facing East or South, sloping angle at 30o, etc.) (Noguchi, 2013). In case of a full sunlight, photovoltaic cells can produce up to 1,250 to 1,300 watts of electricity (Eiffert and Kiss, 2003). As a common knowledge, silicon is a semi-conductor material that is capable of creating

The Leadership Effectiveness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Leadership Effectiveness - Research Paper Example The total quality management reveals the standard followed by the organization right from the minute inputs details to the final delivery of the product or service. The TQM depicts the facts which enable the organization to perceive the mission to excel in the business. It provides a platform to achieve results by concentrating on the factors which influence the most in this contemporary world "the customer focus" and "the customer acceptability". A leader has to perceive a 3600 view of every aspect right from the product manufacturing to the customer value perceptions; which depicts the ideal qualities to be followed; Deming created a philosophical framework of fourteen quality management points stresses on the importance of the employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction with equal value to the customer satisfaction. Andrew Grove stated, "If senior managers and know-how managers share a common view of the industry, the likelihood of their acknowledging changes in the environmen t and responding in an appropriate fashion will greatly increase. Sharing a common picture of the map of the industry and its dynamics is a key tool in making your organization an adaptive one." (Andrew, 1999) Whereas the contingency theory is about the leaders who are task oriented and adapt according to the tasks and some leaders respond with the inter-relationship among the employees to do the work. The situational leadership theory explains the qualities of the leader’s to make to devise the strategies according to the attitude of the employees working under him, thus framing the decisions to make the subordinates feel comfortable to the new techniques adjust to the situation or to the operational environment concerning in that area. I personally observed this concept within my organization.   When I was a First Sergeant of an organization of 145 Soldiers, I used this concept daily. I was not given a choice of who my Soldiers were or came from; consequently, I had to adapt and apply each skill to each individual Soldier.

Work of leadership

Work of leadership LEADERSHIP INTRODUCTION Leadership is defined as a process of influencing people to accomplish the mission, inspiring their commitment, and improving the organisation ( www.mindef.gov.sg 4/12/09 ). As defined leadership is a continuous process it is a chain of influencing and achieving. Moreover leadership is basically depends on the behavior of a leader, it means the way leader handles the group it can be charismatic leadership where followers are truly depend on the leader with high vision, participative leadership where followers are allowed to take part in group discussions and they participate in the final decision, directive leadership where leader is strict with his rules and give directions, supportive leadership where leader consider followers problems and grievances or reward and punishment leadership where reward or punishment is given on the basis of final task results. ( www.legacee.com 4/12/09 ) In this assignment the main objective is to come up with my own leadership style and to show how effective it is in terms of handling change. Also the important aspect of this assignment is to show the factors which help the change to get the tag of effective change. SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP The leadership style I use to follow is Supportive leadership because according to me the followers are as important as task. The goals can only be achieve with the help of followers if followers are facing any problem either in their personal life or under organization roof the affect of that problem can be clearly measured from their task results. Moreover I use self made theory in my leadership which is Get addict an achieve , according to this a person can achieve any thing but the conditions is that the person must be addicted to it. If followers are facing any grievances they can not be addicted towards achievement. Supportive leader in my way does not only mean handling grievances of followers but I call myself supportive leader because I plan my tactics towards achieving a goal according to the followers ability and skills moreover according to their willingness and motivation towards work. Supportive leadership is It leads people: It doesnt drive them. It involves them: It d oesnt coerce them. It never loses sight of the most important principle governing any project involving human beings: namely, that people are more important than things, ( Kriyananda, www.crystalclarity.com 4/12/09 ). Supportive leadership is working along with followers guiding them helping them instead of working ahead of them. Human beings are most important aspect of this type of leadership. According to me this leadership can be done effectively if leaders treat followers as one who work with him rather work for him. Being the basket ball captain for two consecutive years I applied my leadership style and maintained a team. My basket ball team called Descent Killerz was one of the most conflicted team. Being the youngest in the team I learned a lot about my team members , the team was on loosing streak and the main problem of the team was conflicts between team members. The coach of the team had tried all his best efforts to improve the team and reduce the conflicts but he was failed. I was youngest in the team and new member as well, my friendly nature helped me making friendship with all of the players of my team. My understanding ability made me the favourite in the team members, ignoring my problem of unable to make dunks, the team let me play for them. Sooner I was appointed as a captain of the team only because of my supportive nature and supportive leadership behavior. I was the one who solved the conflicts of the team as every player was frank with me and use to share his problem which helped me to understand the main problem of conflicts which was a poor formation. Players were playing in a poo r formation which was disturbing them, some of the times defenders were used in attack which was uncomfortable for the players. I had a talk about this with my coach and he changed the formation according to the abilities of the players which eliminated the conflicts between the team players and I achieved a team with decency and named it Descent Killerz. My style of leadership i.e. supportive leadership was proved efficient at that time. And according to me this type of leadership behavior always come up with efficiency in achieving the goals. TYPES OF SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS Showing concern for followers need : A supportive leader should concern the needs of followers and then try to fulfil them for increasing the efficiency of the followers. Being considerate and understanding : Understanding the problems of followers and them try to eliminate them makes the supportive leadership in action. Showing trust and respect : As supportive leader works with followers so the main responsibility of such leader is to respect his followers and trust them. (Â   www.skagitwatershed.org 4/12/09 ) Being friendly informative, and encouraging : Supportive leader should be friendly with his followers and try to provide as information as he can to make the employees efficient and most importantly he should always encourage his followers towards achievement of goals. Being sympathetic to others problems : Supportive leaders should be sympathetic toward the problems of followers if they are not serious towards the problems of their followers they will not share their problems with the leader then. Helping followers develop abilities and careers : Supportive leaders are the one who help the followers to improve their abilities and advise them toward a good career. SITUATIONAL FACTORS THAT ENHANCES SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP FOLLOWERS CHARACTERISTICS : Ø Low self confidence Ø Low self esteem Ø Insecurity Ø Expectations that leader will be supportive Ø High growth need TASK CHARACTERISTICS Ø Dissatisfying Ø Stressful Ø Highly structured Ø Requires creativity Ø Requires learning ORGANIZATIONAL GROUP CHARACTERISTICS Ø External conflict Ø Newly formed group Ø Cohesive group with shared beliefs in leader Ø Formal plans, goals procedures Ø Mission emphasizing human services Ø Authoritarian superior SITUATIONAL FACTORS THAT NEUTRALIZE SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP Ø Dogmatic Followers Ø Large Size of Group Ø High Level Job Ø Broad Task Scope FACTORS OF MANAGING CHANGE IN AN ORGANIZATION : The factors that contribute to effectiveness of leadership in relation to managing change in an organization are as follow : Followers support : if a change is supported by the followers it makes an easy task for a leader to manage that change. For example if change is less absenteeism and followers are supporting this change by reducing their number of leaves. Followers understanding : one of the most important thing is understanding . If followers are understanding the change it becomes easy for followers to follow the change. Moreover an understandable change becomes more easy for a leader to manage. Followers trust : followers who trust their leaders will always trust any change made by their leader. As an organization is made on trust between people it is one of the most important thing. As trust-able leaders are always welcome by followers so does their changes Situation : the situational factor can help a leader to manage a change easily as the change always depends on the situation it is arrived on. For example if employees were feeling a hectic schedule and them leader come up with change in timings and breaking the schedule with certain breaks, this type of change depends on the situation. Rules : if a change comes as a rule of company it becomes too easy for a leader to manage it as it is compulsory to follow it. For example if company comes as change in rules for not allowing smoking in premises it becomes compulsory to be follow by followers without an argue. Acceptance : If change is accepted by the followers it is easy to manage it. For example if the change is in timings of lunch and followers accept it then there is no need to worry about managing that change by a leader. Expectations : if the change is according to the expectations of the employees then there is no need to manage that change. For examples staff was demanding 15 days vacations in the time of Christmas and new year and company agrees on it then their will be no need to mange such a change. Superiors support : if the change created by a leader is supported by its superior then it become less hectic for leader to manage it. But if superiors are against the change then it is difficult for leader to mange it. For example if leader says that every body should be their in office by 8.30 in the morning and its superior comes at 10 am it becomes difficult for him to handle. Feedback : the most important aspect of managing is feedback as it comes as a report card to the manager for his performance and if the result is not good it indicates that there is need for better management. CONCLUSION In conclusion it can be said that how effective is the supportive leadership is. Supportive leadership not only help followers to work efficiently but it also provides bundles of knowledge to the leader as supportive leadership behavior helps leader to interact with each and every of his follower. Supportive leadership can be used mostly but it can be non-effective where the number of followers are many, as a leader can not create personal relations with huge number of followers. In the assignment I shared my own personal experience with this type of leadership and for me this leadership behavior was a huge success.

Hcs-490 Demographic Paper Essay

San Diego’s Children Obesity In this day of age, everyone is busy with life; taking short cuts anywhere possible seems to be the solution for many people. This means turning to fast foods and an unhealthy lifestyles sweeping over humanity. This paper will focus on child obesity in San Diego, California, and the impact it has caused on the health care marked. Furthermore, health related challenges, chronic wellness programs that affect health care cost, and marketing needs for this population. The community in San Diego can come together to provide a healthier lifestyle for their children. Demographic Data San Diego is known as a hot spot, a place where people love to get away and enjoy a great vacation. However, there is a huge epidemic taking place within the San Diego community. San Diego’s obesity rates pass the nation’s average, there is more than one out of every four children who are overweight and considered obese (Childhood Obesity Initiative, 2011). There are several factors that play into obese children in San Diego primarily starting with genetics and family history with poor functioning family and limited education. Secondary is behavioral and social risk factors. This is because a lack of physical activates, excessive screen time such as television, poor nutrition, and limited to fresh food access. The tertiary outcomes of these factors result in eating disorders and overweight children turning into adults (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012). In the years of 2009 to 2010, girls in the age range of 12 to 19 had a higher prevalence of obesity th an girls age two to 11. That same year boys age ranging from six to 11 had the highest prevalence of obesity than boys aging from two to six and boys aging 12 to 19 (County of San Diego. 2009). In 2008, boys ranging in the age of two to 19 had a higher chance of becoming obese than non-Hispanic White boys. Within that same year, non-Hispanic Black girls had a greater chance of becoming obese that a non-Hispanic White girl (County of San Diego. 2009). San Diego County projects every one in three children who come from a low income family are considered obese before they even have their fifth birthday (County of San Diego. 2009). Child Obesity Effects on Health Care Obesity has a wide range of health factors and risks that follow; however, that is not the only problem. California spends more public and private money on health care related to obesity than any other state. This includes a loss of productivity in overweight and the obese costing families, health care industry, employers, and the government more than 21 billion dollars each year (Babey, 2012). Poor eating habits are becoming a big problem costing billions of dollars. San Diego like many other neighborhoods have unhealthy, inexpressive foods that contributing to this obesity epidemic. This is why the hospital systems across San Diego County are coming together to promote healthy eating within their cafeterias, patient meals, and the community (Childhood Obesity Initiative. (2011). In 2012 the Nutrition in Healthcare Leadership Team (NHLT) completed a plan for healthier food choices. This goal include making healthy foods and beverages the standard, give leeway on buying powers to buy healthier foods, collaboration among healthcare organizations, raise the food literacy, and track food practices in the health care system (Childhood Obesity Initiative. (2011). Health Care Challenges There are both direct and indirect costs that are associated with obesity among children who face challenges for San Diego County. Direct costs are healthcare cost as well as pharmaceuticals, while indirect costs are lost productivity and costs that would be associated with workdays and earning wages lost (Cohen, 2000). San Diego County spends more than three billion dollars on direct and indirect cost annually. As the percentages of child obesity are on the rise, the cost of medical care and productivity will rise (Childhood Obesity Initiative. 2012). Wellness Programs Affecting Cost Fusion Academy and Learning Center of San Diego is introducing a comprehensive Wellness Program for school children in sixth to twelfth grade. This program will educated these students and give them a chance to make healthier lifestyle choices and easily navigate through childhood adolescence (Fusion Academy & Learning Center, 2012). Fusion academy runs 20 sessions that focus on four separate disciplines. These are emotional wellness, art expression, music expression, yoga, nutrition, and meditation (Fusion Academy & Learning Center, 2012). The cost for the program is $1,680 (Fusion Academy & Learning Center, 2012), it may seem a high price to pay; however, this wellness program will pay off by educating the young on how to live a healthier lifestyle and make healthier decisions. This would lead to lower healthcare cost in the future and a fresh start for the children of this county. Markets Needs Marketing needs for obese children in San Diego County start off with planning. Planning is one of the most important steps in marketing. Knowing the targeted audience in which planning to market for such as races, ethnicities, cultures, and backgrounds. A large population of obese children in San Diego County comes from lower income families who are not well educated (County of San Diego. 2009), so this would be the targeted audience. Apart of this plan for marketing San Diego County would need to address the following: †¢ Build awareness for childhood obesity†¦ [paragraph continues] †¢ Build a guide for everyone interested in San Diego County; addressing childhood obesity, including businesses, and instructions with neighborhoods to be addressed†¦ [paragraph continues] †¢ Building drive for the plan of action†¦ [paragraph continues] †¢ Teaming partnerships with already existing organization on this issue with new new sectors†¦ [paragraph cont inues] †¢ Make sure that strategies follow policy and environmental changes and not just individual needs and family efforts†¦ [paragraph continues] †¢ Develop a planned document to support the community partnerships in their efforts†¦ [paragraph continues] This would call for everyone in San Diego County to collaborate in the fight against childhood obesity (Call to Action, 2006). Once all the criteria are addressed, it would be presented to seven different domain areas such as: †¢ County and city governments†¦ [paragraph continues] †¢ Healthcare systems and providers†¦ [paragraph continues] †¢ Schools†¦ paragraph continues] †¢ Preschools, childcare providers and other school programs†¦ [paragraph continues] †¢ Community-based programs†¦ [paragraph continues] †¢ Media†¦ [paragraph continues] †¢ Different businesses†¦ [paragraph continues] Relaying the message about childhood obesity and the impacts it has on San Diego will help in the fight to turn the epidemic around. Addressing Child Obesity Addressing childhood obesity takes the whole community to get involved. There are several initiatives that address childhood obesity in San Diego County, such as Halloween Candy Buy Back program (Childhood Obesity Initiative, 2012). This program consists of 13 different dental offices and pediatric offices that buy back children’s Halloween candy and send it as a treat to the United States troops through a nonprofit organization called Operation Gratitude (Childhood Obesity Initiative, 2012). In 2011, the healthcare domain collaborated with health care physicians to build a menu for children in a fight to cut back on childhood obesity. Annual Anderson Memorial Conferences are held to bring dental providers and medical providers together to cross-collaborate and communicate child obesity prevention (Childhood Obesity Initiative, 2012). Conclusion There is no doubt that child obesity has become a huge issue in San Diego County. This is a problem that can be changed with educating the community. Getting the community involved and educating the children to live a healthier lifestyle are steps to take for a bright future in San Diego County. The children are the future and taking action will give these children a chance to live a long and health life while saving costs in health care and fighting off diseases. References Babey, S. H., Bloom, A., & Goldstein, H. (2012, June). Overweight and Obesity among Children by California Cities – 2010. UCLA Center for Health Policy Research and California Center for Public Health Advocacy,. Retrieved from http://cbsla.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/patchworkcities6-4-12.pdf Call to Action. (2006). San Diego County. Childhood Obesity Action Plan. Retrieved from http://eatbettermovemore.org/sa/policies/pdftext/SDobesity_action_plan.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Overweight and Obesity. Causes and Consequences. Retreived from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes/index.html. Childhood Obesity Initiative. (2011). Overweight and Obesity in San Diego County. Overview. About us. Retrieved from http://ourcommunityourkids.org/ Childhood Obesity Initiative. (2012). The Challenges of Childhood Obesity. Call of Action Child Obesity Action Plan. Retrieved from http://ourcommunityourkids.org/media/17878/action%20plan%20revision%202010%20final.pdf Cohen, J. (2000, December). Overweight Kids: Why Should We Care. CRB, 1-42. Retrieved from http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/00/08/00-008.pdf County of San Diego. (2009). Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Community Heal th Statistics Unit. Healthy People 2010 Health Indicators for San Diego County; Full Report. Retrieved from www.SDHealthStatistics.com. Fusion Academy & Learning Center. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.fusionacademy.com/news/san-diego-fusion-san-diego-introduces-wellness-program

Globalization of Technology Essay

Politics – Technology enables and even promotes changes in every aspect of our lives. Through the years it has changed what and how we eat (the microwave), how and where we work (the internet), how we are entertained, and even how we keep in touch with friends and family. And though many people may notice these types of quick advances of technology, many may not notice how technological advances have tied into changes in politics and the way they have been run. †¢The power of mass images has really become a major influence on politics as a product of a increasing technology. In the 1960’s, images of wealth in the west eventually exposed the weakness of the communist regime running the old Soviet bloc. There is the story Nikita Khrushchev narrating a film of Harlem in the 1960’s to demonstrate poverty in America. Instead, his poor, struggling citizens focused on the nylons hanging on backyard clothes lines and the number of fine autos in the street, and saw wealth rather than poverty. Today, the pictures from Iran appear in graphic detail on our televisions. The power of the mass media has made it more difficult for the state to wall off the outside world. †¢The television has been used to promote politics through commercial advertisement since the Dwight D. Eisenhower campaign in 1952. That was over 50 years ago. It has been used to broadcast presidential debates since the Kennedy vs Nixon Great Debate in 1960 which was exactly 50 years ago. However, nothing is like the way the television is used today. †¢The most recent Presidential campaign, in 2008, showed how fundraising is being impacted. President Obama raised a record breaking 600 million dollars in contributions during his run up to the election. Of that 600 that Obama received, 500 million came from the internet and through public financing through the internet. He ran as fierce an internet campaign as he did his television and radio campaigns. Later the same young people who followed Obama’s every move online, turned out to vote. †¢Is technology damaging politics? †¢For example, you can argue that because there are dozens of news channels. Campaigns are now much more media run. The media decides what is news worthy (which as of the past few years has been whatever gets ratings), interprets the meaning of events for its viewers, and manipulates the decision making process of its viewers. †¢Can technology be damaging to political candidates themselves? †¢Political videos of nearly every 2008 presidential candidates can be found on YouTube. In many of the posted videos, candidates are engaged in old speeches, contradicting their current political positions. †¢Also, since the election, the internet seems to have gone from President Obama’s best friend, to his greatest political enemy. Some of the most controversial legislation in US history is being introduced and posted online for all Americans to see, online commentators who once supported Obama are continuously pointing out unfilled promises. Economy and Social Relations – Technological progress is the key to offering future populations the potential for improved standards of living. Technical change enables firms to combine inputs in a novel manner to produce existing products more cheaply and to develop new products to meet consumer needs. Economists and other social scientists pretty much agree that technological change is the most important contributor to economic growth in the modern era and it is estimated that more than half of the country’s long-run growth is can be attributed to technological change. †¢A prime example of technology based increases in productivity comes from the field of agriculture. Until at least the 17th century, about 90% of the population was directly involved in agriculture. In the United States, the farm population was 44% of the total population as recently as 1880. Currently, the U.S. farm population is about 2% of the total population. But over that same period, total production from farms has more than doubled. The increase in productivity is correlated with several technological innovations in the field of farming. The innovations include the widespread use of farm chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides), and farming equipment. Thus, the tremendous increase in farm productivity is seen as a direct result of the technological advances that were made in the field. †¢Technological change in production processes like that often reduces the amount of labor and other resources needed to produce a unit of output. This is good on one hand because it reduces the cost of production for products but on the other, it also results in a loss of jobs in the short-r un. The long-run is a different story though. By reducing the cost of production you thereby are lowering the price of a particular good in a competitive market, which then frequently leads to a greater demand for that good. And a greater output demand results in increased production, which requires more labor, and offsets the effects of losing jobs in the short-run. †¢Along with production technology, constant improvements of transportation and communications technologies have also had major impacts on today’s economy. Previously, physical and human resources moved around the world by means of land, sea, and air transportation. Now, with data serving as a basic resource and digital communications the means of transport, financial capital is moving throughout the world at nearly the speed of light. †¢How has technology negatively affected the economy? †¢One challenge that technology has brought about to the new global economy comes from the new wave of outsourcing. As a concept it’s not new. Companies have chased cheap labor around the globe for decades, making cars in Mexico, plastic toys in Taiwan and shirts in Malaysia. But in the past couple of years, the debate over outsourcing has intensified as technology companies reduce costs by sending technical support, software development, quality assurance and other functions offshore. A few years ago this idea would have been impossible. The world mostly turned to its technology leaders, companies such as Microsoft Corp. for example, when it needed software. But with the growth of broadband Internet connections and e-mail, technical support staff and software developers can respond to questions with the same speed in Bangalore, India, as they do in Bellevue. And they can do it at a fraction of the cost. †¢Of course this comes at the expense of not only lower class and low skilled workers in the U.S., but even in the middle classes, there are plenty of jobs that are now outsourced.. Again, inability to find work means inability to purchase homes, spend money, and profit companies. When people don’t buy, corporations that produce things don’t make money, which can thus â€Å"trickle down† to fewer jobs available and a greater desire to outsource to make things more cheaply so they will be more attractive to consumers. †¢Those supporting outsourcing say that lowering expenses of corporations will create jobs. There are plenty of government agencies that outsource some of their work, saving them millions of dollars, a direct effect on the US economy and on federal spending. A common theory contends that being able to pay people lower wages for work means that companies will be able to produce things with less expense and transfer this saving to consumers. Lower prices may mean more consumer spending, and companies will be able to hire more workers in the US because they’re paying less for workers outside of it. †¢Further, many argue that giving jobs to workers in less developed countries improves those countries economically and increases trade for US products. It also increases a country’s ability to pay back debts to the US, and may promote better political relationships. Companies economically benefit by selling their products in other countries. This means they can hire more people in the US and lower their prices on products for US consumers.

Pythogoras of Samos Essay examples - 1350 Words

Pythagoras of Samos is often described as the first pure mathematician. He is an extremely important figure in the development of mathematics yet we know little about his achievements. There is nothing that is truly accurate pertaining to Pythagorass writings. Today Pythagoras is certainly a mysterious figure. Little is known of Pythagorass childhood. Pythagorass father was Mnesarchus, and his mother was Pythais. Mnesarchus was a merchant who came from Tyre. Pythais was a native of Samos. As a child Pythagoras spent his early years in Samos, but traveled with his father. There are accounts, that during their travels, Mnesarchus returned to Tyre with Pythagoras, and had him taught there by the Chaldaeans. â€Å"Certainly growing up he was†¦show more content†¦Pythagoras made a journey to Crete shortly after his return to Samos to study the system of laws there. After a short stay in Crete, Pythagoras found himself back in Samos. There he discovered a school called the semicircle. This was the site of his own philosophical teaching, spending most of the night and daytime there and doing research into the uses of mathematics. He tried to use his unique method of teaching, which was similar to the lessons he had learned in Egypt, but Samians were not very keen on this. Pythagoras saw that the Samians were not giving him the respect and credit he deserved, so he moved on Pythagoras left and founded a philosophical/religious school in Croton on the southern tip of Italy. His school practiced secrecy and communalism making it hard to tell the difference between the work of Pythagoras and work of his followers. Although it did made outstanding contributions to mathematics. Pythagoras gained many followers there, and became the head of a society with an inner circle of followers known as mathematikoi. The mathematikoi lived permanently with the Society, had no personal possessions and were vegetarians. â€Å"They weren’t acting as a mathematics research group does in a modern university. There were no ‘open- problems’ for them to solve, and they were not in any sense interested in trying to create or solve mathematical problems. Rather Pythagoras was interested in teaching the principles of